Current Applied Sciences

Abstract Enhancing image quality is an essential step in developing computer vision since it can significantly increase the efficacy of other algorithms, such as object recognition. Image quality improvement has been done in many different sectors to recover and analyze various aspects. This study combines a weighted fuzzy histogram equalization method with other image quality improvement algorithms to rebuild images affected by inhomogeneous blur. This process begins by generating a phase dissimilarity histogram of the brightness of neighboring pixels to enhance contrast. Gamma correction is then used to boost the dark areas, and maximum saturation is used to prevent the fading effect. The proposed method was evaluated using the PSNR and SSIM indices. These indices are calculated for the results of the proposed method and compared to the previous images. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reconstructing images and the degree to which the results closely resemble the original images will be determined by this comparison. This article also included a qualitative review, the results of which were discussed. Although this method generally sharpens visual details, it might not significantly increase scores in this particular scenario.

Abstract Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have garnered significant attention for their potential application as a novel means of combating zoonotic diseases. MNPs are unique, not only due to their small size but also their high surface-to-volume ratio and their potent antimicrobial properties. Despite the challenges posed by parasitic zoonotic diseases that are transmitted from animals to people, their effective treatment remains a serious public health concern. Although MNPs have been shown to have some potential advantages, several challenges are associated with their use, including cytotoxicity, bioaccumulation, adverse immune reactions, and unanticipated, possibly harmful side effects that may adversely affect health. The purpose of this review article is to examine the challenges associated with the toxicity and side effects of MNPs in the treatment of parasitic zoonotic diseases, as well as potential strategies that can be adopted to minimize these impacts. Recent studies in this area have focused on optimizing nanoparticle design and surface modification, utilizing biocompatible coatings, reducing therapeutic doses, and developing targeted drug delivery systems, thereby maximizing efficiency and accelerating the delivery of drug. Several solutions have been proposed in this regard, including the surface engineering of nanoparticles with biocompatible coatings, nanoliposomes, and magnetic nanoparticles designed to deliver drugs specifically, as well as innovative technologies that can help control the release of drugs. Furthermore, it is possible to develop toxicity prediction models using artificial intelligence and bioinformatic analyses to help identify risks arising from the use of nanoparticles more accurately.

Abstract As a new approach, nanotechnology has opened up new horizons in disease diagnosis and treatment. Nanotechnology, utilizing nanomaterials and targeted drug delivery systems, has addressed numerous challenges in treating pediatric diseases. Pediatric diseases present unique challenges in treatment management due to the specific physiological characteristics of this age group, including the need for accurate drug dosages, minimizing side effects, and enhancing treatment efficacy. Nanotechnology offers groundbreaking applications in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood diseases, providing targeted therapies with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects. Key applications include nano-drug delivery systems for the precise treatment of pediatric cancers (e.g., leukemia and brain tumors), nanosensors for the early detection of metabolic and infectious diseases, and nanoparticle-based inhalable therapies for respiratory conditions such as asthma. Additionally, nanotechnology enables improved bioavailability and reduced drug dosages, critical for pediatric patients. However, challenges such as long-term safety, biocompatibility, and regulatory hurdles remain. Future directions include the development of multifunctional nanoplatforms for combination therapy and personalized medicine, alongside advances in scalable and cost-effective manufacturing. Addressing these challenges will be essential for translating nanomedicine into mainstream pediatric healthcare.

Abstract The mutual interactions between the sodium ion (Na⁺) and hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms of the rings of a number of 15-crown-5 ether (15C5) derivatives were explored. Three different categories of descriptors including dipole moments, orbital energies and atomic charges were obtained from quantum mechanical calculations. A reliable correlation between stability constant (logK) of the 15C5 ethers and the mentioned electronic features was constructed. The model reveals considerable contributions of the C₈ and C₉ atoms in comparison to the other atoms in the rings. Moreover, quantum mechanical calculations confirmed the role of these two carbon atoms on the stability of the structures. Furthermore, a quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) model was conducted on stability constant values of the mentioned complexes. Furthermore, it is found that a significant electron charge density has condensed between the hydrogen atoms of the rings and sodium ion. Also, ionic character of the interactions between the sodium ion and oxygen atoms of the ring was verified.

Abstract We theoretically study nonlocal effects in surface plasmon excitations in a spherical dielectric nanocavity embedded in a metallic host within the framework of the hydrodynamic Drude model. An analytical expression for the surface plasmon resonance frequencies is derived, enabling a transparent interpretation of size-dependent and material-dependent plasmonic behavior beyond the local approximation. Nonlocality is shown to modify the plasmonic response, leading to a blueshift of the resonance frequencies as the nanocavity radius decreases. We further demonstrate that the background dielectric constant associated with the metal ion core plays an essential role in the excitation process. For nanocavities with dielectric constants smaller than that of the metallic background, the surface plasmon resonances shift to higher frequencies, while a redshift occurs when the cavity dielectric constant exceeds the background value. In addition, increasing the nanocavity dielectric constant enhances the influence of nonlocal effects on surface plasmon excitations. These parameters offer valuable guidance for the design of subwavelength plasmonic structures.

Abstract In this paper, we study -curvature tensor on -quasi Einstein manifolds. The tensor ​ is defined as a modification of the Riemannian curvature tensor involving the Ricci operator. Several of its basic properties are first derived with respect to the structure vector field , the associated 1-form , and the Riemannian metric . Using these relations, we investigate curvature conditions involving . In particular, we consider the condition and . All the results obtained are in the form of necessary and sufficient conditions.
2010 AMS Classification: 53C25

Abstract The classical theory of one‑dimensional consolidation, originally developed by Terzaghi, is based on the simplifying assumption that the coefficient of consolidation (C_v) remains constant throughout the dissipation of excess pore water pressure. In practical geotechnical engineering applications, however, saturated cohesive soils frequently exhibit permeability and compressibility that vary with both time and depth, leading to a coefficient of consolidation that is inherently non‑uniform. To address this limitation, the present study introduces an analytical framework that incorporates the Rationalized Haar Wavelet Transform for solving the one‑dimensional consolidation equation with variable (C_v). Two functional forms are proposed to represent (C_v) as explicit functions of time and space, enabling a more realistic characterization of soil behavior during consolidation. The results demonstrate that accounting for variable (C_v) produces higher excess pore pressure predictions compared with the classical constant‑parameter solution, thereby increasing the estimated duration required to achieve full consolidation. This outcome indicates that traditional analyses may underestimate consolidation times in engineering design. Furthermore, the proposed methodology offers substantial flexibility by allowing a wide range of explicit (C_v) functions to be incorporated, making it adaptable to diverse soil conditions and site‑specific characterization. The study underscores the significance of incorporating variable soil properties in consolidation analysis and provides a robust computational approach for advanced geotechnical modeling.

Abstract Departing from conventional density functional theory approaches, this study employs, for the first time, molecular dynamics simulations to investigate gemcitabine adsorption on the inner and outer surfaces of BNNTs with five chiralities: (7,7), (8,8), (9,9), (8,6), and (11,0). The primary innovation of this study lies in identifying a "diameter- and chirality-dependent interaction map," which expands upon existing knowledge in three key areas: (i) an "adaptive intra-tubular contact index" showing that at smaller diameters (9.52 Å), Gem interacts via vdW forces from multiple directions inside the nanotube, but primarily through π-π stacking on the exterior; (ii) an inverse relationship between diameter and internal interaction energy (from -250 to -179 kJ/mol as diameter increases to 12.20 Å), termed "multi-directional spatial confinement"; and (iii) the first MD evidence of nanotube structural tilting at diameters below 10 Å to optimize drug binding. The quantitative findings reveal three key innovations: (1) strongest interaction for inner BN (8,6), demonstrating a 2.5-fold greater binding affinity as compared with its outer surface; (2) at 8.61 Å, exhibited the maximum hydrogen bonds (1.011) for narrowest nanotube (11,0) introducing a phenomenon termed "curvature-dependent hydrogen bond density"; and (3) enhanced BN water solubility after drug adsorption, facilitating the development of self-solubilizing nanocarriers. Based on these findings, two practical strategies for drug delivery are proposed: BN (8,6) for strong and stable adsorption, and BN (9,9) with minimal contact area (3.53 nm²) for high drug loading. This work establishes a foundation for future multi-drug simulations and physiological release tracking for smart BNNT-based nanocarriers.

Abstract Induction motors, especially the three-phase type, are the most common types of motors in industries that consume most of the world's electrical energy. The efficiency of these machines also depends on the quality of their power supply voltage. The uneven distribution of single-phase loads, asymmetrical faults, and large industrial electric arc furnaces can make the power system voltage unbalanced. In this paper, the three-phase induction motors performance parameters including loss, efficiency, and torque are studied when supplied by unbalanced voltage source. The results show that voltage unbalance has very negative consequences on the performance of this type of machine, so that ignoring this issue may be associated with damage or reduced life. It is worth noting that the simulations of this research were all performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and the precise definition of the complex voltage unbalance factor (CVUF) was also used.